長絲土工布干貨！長絲土工布的原料(liao)、類(lei)型(xing)及生產工(gong)藝！土工(gong)合成材料(liao)作(zuo)為(wei)一種(zhong)新型(xing)的巖土工(gong)程材料(liao)，可以天然或人工(gong)合成聚合物（塑料(liao)、化(hua)纖、合成橡膠等）為(wei)原料(liao)，制成各(ge)種(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)的產品(pin)，置(zhi)于土體內部、表面或各(ge)層土體之間，發揮加強(qiang)（加固(gu)）或保(bao)護(hu)土體的作(zuo)用。

目前，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布己(ji)經廣泛(fan)應用于公路(lu)、鐵路(lu)、水利、電力、建(jian)筑、海(hai)港(gang)、采(cai)礦、軍工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、環(huan)保等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的各個領域。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)材料的主要品種有(you)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)織物、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格柵、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)網(wang)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格室(shi)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)復合(he)材料、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)材料膨潤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)墊（GCL）、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)泡沫等(deng)(deng)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程應用上(shang)可(ke)單獨使(shi)用土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布，也可(ke)與土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格柵、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)網(wang)等(deng)(deng)其他土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)材料復合(he)后使(shi)用。

目前土(tu)工布原料主(zhu)要以合成纖維(wei)(wei)為主(zhu)，應用(yong)最(zui)普遍的是(shi)聚酯纖維(wei)(wei)和聚丙烯纖維(wei)(wei)，其次(ci)是(shi)聚酰(xian)胺(an)纖維(wei)(wei)和聚乙烯醇縮醛纖維(wei)(wei)。

聚酯纖維物理機械性能良(liang)好，具有(you)優良(liang)的韌度和蠕變特性，熔點高(gao)、耐(nai)高(gao)溫、耐(nai)老化(hua)，生產(chan)工藝成(cheng)熟、市場占有(you)率(lv)高(gao)。缺點是疏水性差、用(yong)于保溫材料時容易積存冷凝水，低(di)(di)溫下性能差、易玻璃(li)化(hua)、強(qiang)度降低(di)(di)，對酸、堿的耐(nai)抗性較差。

聚丙烯纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)彈性(xing)好、瞬間彈性(xing)恢復(fu)優于(yu)聚酯纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)；耐酸(suan)堿性(xing)、耐磨性(xing)、耐霉變、耐低溫性(xing)能優良(liang)；具有很好的疏水性(xing)和芯吸性(xing)能，能使水分(fen)沿(yan)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)軸向傳遞到外層(ceng)表面；密(mi)度小、僅為聚酯纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)的66%，經多次牽(qian)伸可以得到結(jie)構緊密(mi)、性(xing)能優越的細旦(dan)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)，再配合加固過(guo)程可使其(qi)強度更加優越。缺(que)點(dian)(dian)是不耐高溫、軟(ruan)化(hua)點(dian)(dian)為130～160℃，耐光性(xing)差(cha)、在日光下(xia)易于(yu)老(lao)化(hua)分(fen)解，但可以通過(guo)添(tian)加紫(zi)外線吸收劑等助(zhu)劑使其(qi)具備抗紫(zi)外線性(xing)能。

非織造土(tu)工(gong)布(bu)的原料除(chu)采用以(yi)上纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)外，還可采用黃麻(ma)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)、聚乙(yi)烯纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)、聚乳(ru)酸（PLA） 纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)等。天然纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)和特種纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)已逐步進入土(tu)工(gong)布(bu)各個應用領(ling)域，如天然纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)（黃麻(ma)、椰(ye)子殼纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)、竹漿纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)等）在(zai)路基(ji)、排(pai)水、護(hu)岸、控(kong)制土(tu)壤侵蝕(shi)等領(ling)域都有(you)應用。